ICT Awareness and Skills for women empowerment and entrepreneurship among rural women: a Study on the state of Tamil Nadu

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP- 1965) define Information and Communication Technologies [ICTs] are basically information-handling tools – a varied set of goods, applications and services that are used to create, store up, practice, issue and exchange information. The set include the old ICTs such as radio, television and telephone, and then new ICTs of computers, satellite and wireless technology and the Internet. These different tools are now able to work together, and combine to form our networked world. An enormous infrastructure of inter-connected telephone services standardized computing hardware, the internet, radio and television, which reaches into every corner of the globe”. at the present time, both traditional and modern ICTs are accessed and used for Various information needs of the people. Self employability and employability through ICT for rural women can enable by developing skills in the ICT areas are Use of online Transactions, Use of consumer and professional websites and apps, Use of Office Management software and Desktop Publishing Tools, Use of Storage Devices Tools, Use of Website Creation Tools, Leadership and Motivational Skills and Entrepreneurial and Employability Skills were highlighted to the surveyed rural women, the level of awareness, skills used to employability and personality level have been assesses in this stud

Film-centric promotion of scientific temper: A study of screening grassroots technological innovation short science films at schools across India

Film-centric promotion of scientific temper has been attempted the world over to influence audience perception of themes allied to science and technology which often reflect shades of social as well a cultural concern. This paper attempts to see how students in 77 under-resourced schools in 15 states of India have comprehended the science content through screenings of short science films themed on grassroots technological innovators who have had no formal technical education and yet have been able to innovate products that answered a sorely and regularly felt local need. All the short science films screened offered an amazingly simple technical solution to a real-life challenge. In a large number of instances, the challenges faced by the grassroots innovators in their daily lives were also the problems encountered by the school children who formed the audience of these films. The fact of audience identification with the films emanating from a striking similarity with the socio-economic background of the grassroots technological innovators drove a large part of this study. The analysis establishes how gender distribution of audience among nine to eighteen years of age have received the short science films and what competing ratios did the responses indicate about the degree of engagement during post-screening interactions in both rural as well as urban locations

A Bibliometric Analysis of Quassinoids Research - A Class of Bioactive Compounds

1017-1023Quassinoids are a class of bioactive compounds that are obtained from the Simaroubaceae family. This family consists of more than 170 species of trees and bushes of pantropical distribution. Due to their potent bioactivity against chronic illness, the quassinoids are regularly explored for their biological activities. This has resulted in the buildup of scientific literature. Therefore, here we analyzed the global literature, indexed in SCI-E journals up to 2018 on quassinoids which is a triterpenoid natural group of compounds. There were a total of 793 publications with 16283 citations and 10724 citations without self-citation having an h-index of 56 and average citation per item of 20.53. We have also analyzed the year wise publication growth, most prolific authors, organizations and countries, most prolific journals, frequencies of keywords, and relevant terms of title and abstract. The authorship pattern and collaboration network between countries, authors, and languages of publication have also been analyzed. Overall, this compilation will help as an essential resource to refer to the detailed evidence regarding the quassinoids research

A Bibliometric Analysis of Quassinoids Research - A Class of Bioactive Compounds

Quassinoids are a class of bioactive compounds that are obtained from the Simaroubaceae family. This family consists of more than 170 species of trees and bushes of pantropical distribution. Due to their potent bioactivity against chronic illness, the quassinoids are regularly explored for their biological activities. This has resulted in the buildup of scientific literature. Therefore, here we analyzed the global literature, indexed in SCI-E journals up to 2018 on quassinoids which is a triterpenoid natural group of compounds. There were a total of 793 publications with 16283 citations and 10724 citations without self-citation having an h-index of 56 and average citation per item of 20.53. We have also analyzed the year wise publication growth, most prolific authors, organizations and countries, most prolific journals, frequencies of keywords, and relevant terms of title and abstract. The authorship pattern and collaboration network between countries, authors, and languages of publication have also been analyzed. Overall, this compilation will help as an essential resource to refer to the detailed evidence regarding the quassinoids research

Covid-19 and Emergency Medicine: A Scientometric Assessment of Global Publications

This study analyses Covid-19 and Emergency Medicine research output during 2020-2021 on different parameters including global publications share, citation impact, contribution of authors and patterns of research communication in most productive and preferred journals. Web of Science Citation Database has been used to retrieve the data for 2 years (2020-2021) with 991 publications using the combined search of Covid-19 with topic field and Emergency Medicine with using Web of Science Subject Categories. The USA tops the list, with a publications share of 38.6%(383) followed far by Italy and UK ranks second with 7.7%(76), Canada with 7.6% and India ranks 14th positions with global publications share of 1.7 %(17)). The most productive Institutions are: Harvard Medical University lead with 34 Publications and received 134 Citations followed by University Toronto with 29 (96 Citations), Massachusetts Gen Hospital with 26 (86 Citations), Monash University with 22 (92 Citations), Columbia University and University Ottawa with 18 publications. The top most 5 preferred Journals are: AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE (IF: 1.70 with 141 publication followed far by ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE (IF: 5.35) with 97 publications, RESUSCITATION (IF: 4.57) with 77, WESTERN JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE (IF: 1.80) with 71 and EMERGENCY MEDICINE JOURNAL (IF: 2.04) with 64. But its average annual publication growth rate and global publication share is high and Citation quality as reflected in Average Citations Per Paper is less. Concludes that the research needs to increase its output and bring about improvement in the quality of its research efforts. This can be done by investing much more international collaboration and by modernizing and strengthening its research infrastructure in the field of Medicines

Film-centric promotion of scientific temper: A study of screening grassroots technological innovation short science films at schools across India

8-20Film-centric promotion of scientific temper has been attempted the world over to influence audience perception of themes allied to science and technology which often reflect shades of social as well a cultural concern. This paper attempts to see how students in 77 under-resourced schools in 15 states of India have comprehended the science content through screenings of short science films themed on grassroots technological innovators who have had no formal technical education and yet have been able to innovate products that answered a sorely and regularly felt local need. All the short science films screened offered an amazingly simple technical solution to a real-life challenge. In a large number of instances, the challenges faced by the grassroots innovators in their daily lives were also the problems encountered by the school children who formed the audience of these films. The fact of audience identification with the films emanating from a striking similarity with the socio-economic background of the grassroots technological innovators drove a large part of this study. The analysis establishes how gender distribution of audience among nine to eighteen years of age have received the short science films and what competing ratios did the responses indicate about the degree of engagement during post-screening interactions in both rural as well as urban locations

DESIGN AND IN VIVO EVALUATION OF METOPROLOL TARTRATE BILAYER FLOATING TABLETS IN HEALTHY HUMAN VOLUNTEERS

The aim of the present investigation was to prepare bilayer floating tablets of metoprolol tartrate using the combination of superdisintigrants, HPMC K grade polymers and natural polymers like xanthan gum and guar gum by direct compression method. Bilayer floating tablets were prepared using optimized immediate release layer and floating layer as sustained release layer. The physico-chemical characteristics of the prepared tablets were evaluated and found to be satisfactory. All the prepared batches showed in vitro buoyancy. It was observed that the tablets remained buoyant for more than 12 h.  Formulation F7 was selected as best formulation based on the in vitro characteristics and used in vivo radiographic studies by adding barium sulphate. These studies revealed that the tablets remained in the stomach for 210±5.4 min (n=3) in fasting human volunteers. Based on the in vivo performance in healthy subjects, the developed bilayer floating tablets showed superior bioavailability than the marketed tablets, the drug release was up to 12 h in controlled manner. The systemic availability of the best formulation was high after administration to obtain immediate action due to the immediate release layer, from sustained release layer the drug was released in controlled manner. It can be concluded that the best formulation F7 by choosing biphasic drug release pattern in a single dosage form could improve patient compliance and ensure better disease management

DESIGN AND IN VIVO EVALUATION OF METOPROLOL TARTRATE BILAYER FLOATING TABLETS IN HEALTHY HUMAN VOLUNTEERS

The aim of the present investigation was to prepare bilayer floating tablets of metoprolol tartrate using the combination of superdisintigrants, HPMC K grade polymers and natural polymers like xanthan gum and guar gum by direct compression method. Bilayer floating tablets were prepared using optimized immediate release layer and floating layer as sustained release layer. The physico-chemical characteristics of the prepared tablets were evaluated and found to be satisfactory. All the prepared batches showed in vitro buoyancy. It was observed that the tablets remained buoyant for more than 12 h.  Formulation F7 was selected as best formulation based on the in vitro characteristics and used in vivo radiographic studies by adding barium sulphate. These studies revealed that the tablets remained in the stomach for 210±5.4 min (n=3) in fasting human volunteers. Based on the in vivo performance in healthy subjects, the developed bilayer floating tablets showed superior bioavailability than the marketed tablets, the drug release was up to 12 h in controlled manner. The systemic availability of the best formulation was high after administration to obtain immediate action due to the immediate release layer, from sustained release layer the drug was released in controlled manner. It can be concluded that the best formulation F7 by choosing biphasic drug release pattern in a single dosage form could improve patient compliance and ensure better disease management

Seed nutritional quality in lentil (Lens culinaris) under different moisture regimes

The world’s most challenging environmental issue is climate change. Agricultural productivity and nutritional quality are both substantially threatened by extreme and unpredicted climate events. To develop climate resilient cultivars, stress tolerance along with the grain quality needs to be prioritized. Present study was planned to assess the effect of water limitation on seed quality in lentil, a cool season legume crop. A pot experiment was carried out with 20 diverse lentil genotypes grown under normal (80% field capacity) and limited (25% field capacity) soil moisture. Seed protein, Fe, Zn, phytate, protein and yield were recorded in both the conditions. Seed yield and weight were reduced by 38.9 and 12.1%, respectively, in response to stress. Seed protein, Fe, Zn, its availability as well as antioxidant properties also reduced considerably, while genotype dependent variation was noted with respect to seed size traits. Positive correlation was observed between seed yield and antioxidant activity, seed weight and Zn content and availability in stress. Based on principal component analysis and clustering, IG129185, IC559845, IC599829, IC282863, IC361417, IG334, IC560037, P8114 and L5126 were promising genotypes for seed size, Fe and protein content, while, FLIP-96-51, P3211 and IC398019 were promising for yield, Zn and antioxidant capacity. Identified lentil genotypes can be utilized as trait donors for quality improvement in lentil breedin

Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background: In an era of shifting global agendas and expanded emphasis on non-communicable diseases and injuries along with communicable diseases, sound evidence on trends by cause at the national level is essential. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides a systematic scientific assessment of published, publicly available, and contributed data on incidence, prevalence, and mortality for a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of diseases and injuries. Methods: GBD estimates incidence, prevalence, mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to 369 diseases and injuries, for two sexes, and for 204 countries and territories. Input data were extracted from censuses, household surveys, civil registration and vital statistics, disease registries, health service use, air pollution monitors, satellite imaging, disease notifications, and other sources. Cause-specific death rates and cause fractions were calculated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model and spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression. Cause-specific deaths were adjusted to match the total all-cause deaths calculated as part of the GBD population, fertility, and mortality estimates. Deaths were multiplied by standard life expectancy at each age to calculate YLLs. A Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, was used to ensure consistency between incidence, prevalence, remission, excess mortality, and cause-specific mortality for most causes. Prevalence estimates were multiplied by disability weights for mutually exclusive sequelae of diseases and injuries to calculate YLDs. We considered results in the context of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and fertility rate in females younger than 25 years. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated for every metric using the 25th and 975th ordered 1000 draw values of the posterior distribution. Findings: Global health has steadily improved over the past 30 years as measured by age-standardised DALY rates. After taking into account population growth and ageing, the absolute number of DALYs has remained stable. Since 2010, the pace of decline in global age-standardised DALY rates has accelerated in age groups younger than 50 years compared with the 1990–2010 time period, with the greatest annualised rate of decline occurring in the 0–9-year age group. Six infectious diseases were among the top ten causes of DALYs in children younger than 10 years in 2019: lower respiratory infections (ranked second), diarrhoeal diseases (third), malaria (fifth), meningitis (sixth), whooping cough (ninth), and sexually transmitted infections (which, in this age group, is fully accounted for by congenital syphilis; ranked tenth). In adolescents aged 10–24 years, three injury causes were among the top causes of DALYs: road injuries (ranked first), self-harm (third), and interpersonal violence (fifth). Five of the causes that were in the top ten for ages 10–24 years were also in the top ten in the 25–49-year age group: road injuries (ranked first), HIV/AIDS (second), low back pain (fourth), headache disorders (fifth), and depressive disorders (sixth). In 2019, ischaemic heart disease and stroke were the top-ranked causes of DALYs in both the 50–74-year and 75-years-and-older age groups. Since 1990, there has been a marked shift towards a greater proportion of burden due to YLDs from non-communicable diseases and injuries. In 2019, there were 11 countries where non-communicable disease and injury YLDs constituted more than half of all disease burden. Decreases in age-standardised DALY rates have accelerated over the past decade in countries at the lower end of the SDI range, while improvements have started to stagnate or even reverse in countries with higher SDI. Interpretation: As disability becomes an increasingly large component of disease burden and a larger component of health expenditure, greater research and developm nt investment is needed to identify new, more effective intervention strategies. With a rapidly ageing global population, the demands on health services to deal with disabling outcomes, which increase with age, will require policy makers to anticipate these changes. The mix of universal and more geographically specific influences on health reinforces the need for regular reporting on population health in detail and by underlying cause to help decision makers to identify success stories of disease control to emulate, as well as opportunities to improve. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licens